The theory that first overall selections, or more specifically quarterbacks, don't regularly win the Superbowl doesn't hold up. There are a couple of data points we could look at to try and make it seem like this is the case, ie: the relatively small amount of 1st overall QBs that have won at least one SB, but this is a red herring; there haven't been that many Superbowls and many QBs have won multiple.
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1ECmfz4MHaHoEslGhTTB8IGgaq4dhOWDK4ZDhfHkdCQo/edit?usp=sharing Major points:
1st overall QBs regularly get to the Superbowl and win it41% of Superbowls have featured a #1 pick starting at QB for at least one of the teams (22/54). Nearly a third of Super Bowls were won by a QB drafted #1 (16/54 or 30%). This means that the other 70% of Superbowls were won by players picked #2-442. In other words, literally hundreds of different draft slots have produced QBs that have won the Superbowl only a little more than twice as often as 1st overall picks. If draft position was irrelevant and success was truly random, we would expect to see #1 picks win about 0.3% of Superbowls. So 30% means 1st overall picks win the Superbowl about
100 times more often than we would see with a truly random distribution.
Not only do 1st overall selections win the Superbowl at a much higher rate than one might expect, but they also tend to get to and win multiple Superbowls as well. Notable examples being Terry Bradshaw (4-0), Troy Aikman (3-0), John Elway (2-3), Peyton Manning (2-2), and Eli Manning (2-0). Of course, we have good examples of late picks doing well too, Tom Brady (6-3), Joe Montana (4-0), Bart Starr (2-0) and Kurt Warner (1-1).
QBs drafted high show up at Superbowls frequently as wellIf we expand our parameters to QBs drafted in the top 10 percentile (for recent drafts, this would be the ~25 slot or above, more on percentile vs absolute position later), we'll see that the vast majority of Superbowls have featured one or more starting QBs that were picked early. Specifically, 42 out of 54 Superbowls, for a rate of 78%. 10 percentile picks win the Superbowl slightly more often than the other 90%, at 29/54 or a win rate of 54%. Even though that is essentially a coin toss rate, this is a remarkable statistic as truly random would put the 10-percentile win rate at, well, 10%. So 10 percentile QBs outperform random chance by about 5x, much less than 1st overall picks, but a respectable rate nonetheless.
There is no way around it: QBs picked #1 overall, or at least fairly high, have historically won the Superbowl at much higher rates than everyone else.
Other tidbits- The average draft position for Superbowl winning and losing quarterbacks is about the same, with losers being drafted slightly higher (pick 58 vs 62), converted to new money, this would be about the 51st pick
- Tom Brandy single-handedly shifts the average draft position of both SB winners and losers by a decent margin because was drafted so late and played in so many SBs
- Tom Brady (78%), Brad Johnson (68%), Bart Star (56%), Steve Young (UD), and Kurt Warner (UD) are the only QBs drafted in the second half of their respective drafts (or undrafted) to win a SB. However, they account for 11 SB wins (19%).
- Super Bowl 50 saw two #1 picks face off in Peyton Manning and Cam Newton.
Extra nerdy stuffI've included draft percentile in the spreadsheet, or what % a pick lands relative to the overall draft that year. The number of players drafted has varied wildly, going from around 350 in the pre-merger era to up to 442 post-merger, down to the 220s in the 90s, and now usually about 255 since there have been 32 teams and compensation picks were added. Percentile is a good way to compare relative draft position between years where different amounts of players were taken. But it's not perfect, as drafts that feature 3-400 players include many who would be UDFAs in today's game. For a practical example, Bart Starr was picked one pick after Tom Brady (200 vs 199), but was, relatively speaking, chosen much earlier (56% vs 87%).
I marked Joe Namath as a #1 pick. Technically he was picked #1 in the AFL and #12 in the NFL, and chose to play for the Jets in the AFL pre-merger. Reasonable minds could differ on whether he should be listed as #1 or #12, but given that he didn't play for an NFL team, his AFL pick slot made more sense to me.
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Now, one could make the argument that of the highly touted QBs we hear about every year, relatively few win the Superbowl. This is of course true, however, it doesn't tell us much. Few players, at any position, drafted at any slot, win the Superbowl. Do 1st overall QBs fail to win the Superbowl at a higher rate than any other positions or draft slots? I haven't dug into the numbers here (that's a big research task), but the likely answer to this is: no, with a decent probability that the opposite is true. In any case, Tom Brady, Russell Wilson, and Joe Montana are all the more interesting because they were picked late and had success, precisely because that's not the typical pattern.
Another interesting argument is that we've seen relatively few #1 overall QBs win the Superbowl in the last 20 years (4 to be precise, for a rate of 20%, down from the historic 30% rate). This is a valid point and there are likely a few factors, the salary cap being one of them and Tom Brady bogarting the thing - going to 9 of the last 20 and winning 6 - being another.
Again, 54 is a pretty small sample size to work with. Only one team, and one starting QB can win the SB each year. So we can end up with Tom Brady situations where one guy is so mind-numbingly good that he throws off the data for his entire, astonishingly-long career. It will be interesting to see when he retires, if there is a rash of younger generation QBs picked #1 or in the first round that are showing up at and winning Superbowls. Potential contenders as soon as this year being: Patrick Mahomes (10), Josh Alley (7), Kyler Murray (1), Jared Goff (1), and Baker Mayfield (1) - two of these dudes have already been, with one losing to the ageless wonder.
First overall picks (unsurprisingly) tend to go to bad teams too, but this isn't new. Troy Aikman's Cowboys and Peyton Manning's Colts sucked for a while before those franchises were turned around - generally, there are a few factors, like taking a very good QB early, getting the right coach, and in the case of the Cowboys, being on the right end of the most lopsided trade in history, that factor into success. The Joe Montana to Steve Young and Brett Favre to Aaron Rodgers stories are very much outliers, most teams get good by sucking and picking good players early - it's the parity that drives the NFL and a big part of what makes it so interesting.