Three questions:
1. What percentage of real GDP is government spending?
(real GDP is a measure of how much income is earned in the economy in a year; it's not a particularly good measure, but its probably about as good as there is.)
Note: you have to count all spending here, including social security, medicare and interest on the national debt. (You don't have to include repayment of the principal yet -- though that might be coming sooner rather than later, just assume for chuckles that the US is still solvent and so can roll over its debt for the rest of its life (i.e., forever).
2. What percentage of all government spending constitutes "transfer payments"? (Define a transfer payment as any payment other than a payment for the production or creation of new wealth.) Think "taking out of one pocket (yours) and putting it in another (mine)."
3. Can the percentage of people producing and creating new wealth (1 - the answer to #2) support #2?
Answer to #1: I've heard numbers everywhere from 30 percent to 45 percent. Let's say 40%.
Answer to #2: This is the hardest one for people to see, since everyone likes to think of government spending as spending on "public goods" and providing necessary "stuff." But if you think carefully about that spending, its almost all transfer payments. I'd put the number at 90 percent. Let's be radically optimistic and say its only 50 percent of the total.
(Why radically optimistic? Social security, medicare, medicaid, welfare, government grants to education and the arts, unemployment compensation, subsidies on student loans, tobacco, and milk, foreign aid, interest on debts... these are all in total or part transfer payments.)
But, just for chuckles, again, let's stay with the 50 percent figure.
Multiply 50 percent times 40 percent. You have twenty percent.
So, looking at things optimistically, you have 80 percent of the income being "production of wealth" and 20 percent just a transfer of wealth from more fortunate pigs on the animal farm to less fortunate pigs.
Doesn't sound so bad, right?
But you have to think again. Do you really think 80 percent of us can produce enough to cover the other 20 percent of us year after year?
To do that, we'd have to somehow be able to invest our 80 percent to get 100 percent next year. That means getting a return on investment of 25%. A return over and above what we use to maintain that 80 percent.
Oh yes, and by the way, the average rate of growth of income in the United States over its history, i.e., the return on investment for the economy as a whole, the return on investment for the single most successful growth economy in human history, know what it is?
Less than 2 percent per year.
This is why you cannot cure the problems by raising taxes. Not unless you somehow manage to invest those tax revenues, not in transfer payments, but in activities that are even more productive than the activities to which they would be put by their original owner.
And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind, that you may prove what is that good and acceptable and perfect will of God.
Romans 12:2 (NKJV)